western civ day nineteen

REVIEW

Polis- the fundamental political unit in Ancient GreeceAcropolis- Agora, or marketplace, or on a fortified hilltop, people gather to discuss the cities gov'tMonarchy- single person ruled (king)Aristocracy- a government ruled by a small group of noble, landowning familiesOligarchy- a gov't ruled by a few powerful peopleTyrant- powerful people took control of the governmentDemocracy- ruled by the peopleHelots- peasants forced to stay on the land they work onPhalanx- most powerful fighting force in the ancient worldPersian War- between Greece and the Persian Empire- began in Ionia

Aristocrats- members of the ruling class
Draconian- very harsh

• Mesopotamia/ Tigris and Euphrates river

• Egypt/ Nile River

• India/ Indus River 

• China/ Haungs He River 

Identify bodies of water surrounding Greece 

• Aegean Sea

• Ionian Sea

• Adriatic Sea

• Peloponnesus 

• Athens

• Sparta 

• Crete 

• Asia minor 

• Macedonia

• Greece is a mountainous peninsula 

• Mountains cover 3/4 of Greece

• Approximately 2,000 island in the Ionian and Aegean Seas

• Many skilled sailors, shipbuilders, farmers, metal workers, weavers, and potters

• Had poor/ limited resources so they had to trade

• Greek diet consists of grains, grapes, olives and fish

• Homer question: did he actually exist or was he apart of a fantasy?

• Dorian moved into war torn region

• Dorians were far less advanced

Draco (621 BCE)

• All Athenians equal under the law

• Death = punishment for crimes 

• Debt slavery (work as slave for debt) is ok

Solon (594 BCE)

• Outlaws debt slavery

• All athenian citizens can speak at an assembly

• Any citizen can press charges 

Clesthenes (500 BCE)

• Allowed citizen to submit laws

• Created council of 500- chosen at random

• Only free adult male land owners born in Athens were citizens 

Meanings of Tyrant 

• Tyrant- someone who rules outside the framework of the polis
• Modern meaning of tyrant- an abusive or oppressive ruler 
• Greek meaning of tyrant- someone who seized power

Cleisthenes VS Isagoras 

• Cleisthenes had support of the majority of Athens 
• Isagoras becomes archon eponymous- tyrant 
• He ostracizes Cleisthenes 
• Cleisthenes supporters revolt 
• They trap Isagoras on the acropolis for 2 days- on the third day he fled and banished 
• Occurred in 508 BCE