western civ day fifty-four

I will be taking my test on June 2 at 9 am.

• bread and entertainment keeps the plebeians happy, alive, quiet, distracted, and docile
• Tiberius Gracchus recognized the advantages of courting the plebians
• military generals worked that angle- led an army that conquers a land, then gives them a share in the spoils
• solider's loyalty was to their military leader
• Julius Ceaser (100-44 BC)
• very successful
• conquered Gaul
• Serves as consul (one year)
• appoints himself as governor of Gaul
• made common people happy
• made friends in high places
• Pompey (general)
• Crassus (richest man in Rome
• those three men formed the first triumvirate (rule of three men)
• "Crossing the Rubicon"- crossing the point of no return 
• Pompey becomes jealous- becomes rival
• their armies clash in Greece, Asia, Spain, and Egypt- Ceaser won
• 44 BC he is named Dictator- for 6 months then life
• Ceasers Reforms
• grants citizenship to people in provinces 
• expanded the senate
• created jobs for the poor
• increased pay for soldiers
• started colonies where those without land could own property
• The senators saw Ceaser's rise of power as a threat 
• Lured him into Senate- stabbed him 23 times- even Ceaser's ally- Brutus 
• Senators were not punished
• Octavian was named Caesar's sole heir 
• End of republic